Structural Beam With Openings

ABSTRACT

A method of producing a structural beam ( 10 ) with openings located in the web, which comprises the steps of taking a universal beam, making a cut ( 18 ) generally longitudinally along the web thereof, making a second cut ( 20 ) along the web on a path differing from the first path of the first cut, separating the cut halves of the beam, and welding the halves together, characterized in that: a width of material or ribbon ( 28 ) is defined by the two cuts ( 18, 20 ) of amount equal to the desired reduction in depth of the finished cellular beam.

This invention relates to improvements in structural beams of the type having a web located between two flanges, in which the web is not continuous, but has apertures therein.

In our European patent publication number 0324206 there is described a method of manufacturing such beams, which comprises the steps of taking a universal beam, making a cut generally longitudinally along the web thereof, separating the cut halves of the beam, displacing the halves with respect to one another and welding the halves together, characterised in that:

-   -   a second cut is made along the web, the path differing from the         first path of the first cut, the two paths being defined         rectalinear sections lying on alternative sides of a         longitudinal centre line of the web and at least partly         curvalinear sections joining the closest ends of adjacent         rectilinear sections. The use of the double cutting approach of         this publication allows shapes to be produced which were         hitherto impossible. In particular, beams can be produced for         circular or oval shaped holes, which may be desirable for         aesthetic or other reasons. Previous forms of beam, known as         castellated beams, produced by a single cut, could only have         hexagonally shaped holes. Beams of this general type will         hereafter be referred to as “cellular beams”.

The depth of such cellular beams is greater than the depth of the beam from which it is cut, and in the normal method of manufacture, essentially no metal is excised during the cutting process, the depth of the finished cellular beam bears a fixed relationship to the depth of the beam from which it is cut. Since steel beams are supplied in a limited number of sizes, it therefore follows that cellular beams produced from them are normally also in a limited number of sizes. For some applications this can be a problem.

The invention seeks to provide a method of producing a cellular beam having a depth less than those produced in accordance with the above mentioned European patent publication number 0324206.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a structural beam with openings located in the web, which comprises the steps of taking a universal beam, making a cut generally longitudinally along the web thereof, making a second cut along the web on a path differing from the first path of the first cut, separating the cut halves of the beam, and welding the halves together, characterised in that:

-   -   a width of material or ribbon is defined by the two cuts of an         amount equal to the desired reduction in depth of the finished         cellular beam.

The ability to be able to specify exactly the depth of the finished cellular beam is useful in a number of end uses. For example, in multi-story office and car park construction, the floor depth is frequently dictated by client preference and planning constraints. To achieve a precise floor depth using the traditional cellular beam is often impractical. However, a beam produced in accordance with the invention can be made to the exact depth required with the maximum efficiency of steel usage.

While it is possible to achieve predetermined and precise floor depths using welded plate beams with profiled web openings, such beams are not as strong as those produced in accordance with the invention from a section, i.e. extruded, universal beam.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, it is possible actually to reduce the depth of the finished cellular beam to less than that of the universal beam from which it is produced. This has similar advantages in use in buildings where the number of floors is to be maximised within a given overall height for cost or planning constraints.

Another advantage of the method of the invention is that the cut along the web can be such that any shape and position of openings can be obtained. This is not possible with the cellular beams hitherto produced, which must have regularly spaced openings along their entire length of constant shape and size. Once again, the beam produced by the method of the invention differs from welded beams by the use of an extruded section beam as the starting point which produces a superior strength product and moreover can reduce steel wastage.

The invention will be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) correspond to FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) in the patent publication number 0324206 and illustrate the finished cellular beam and cut pattern respectively;

FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) correspond to FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) and illustrate the present invention; and

FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) correspond to FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) and illustrate a second embodiment of the invention.

Referring to the drawings, and in particular FIG. 1, in the method of EP patent publication number 0324206, a cellular beam (10) has flanges (12,14) between which extends a web (16). The beam (10) is produced from a universal beam (FIG. 1((b)), having a depth d which is two-thirds of the depth of the depth D of the finished beam (10) shown in FIG. 1(a). The web (16) of the universal beam is cut along two continuous cutting lines (18,20) and the material (22,23) between the lines (18,20) is removed.

After the two cuts have been formed, the two halves of the beam are separated and one is moved longitudinally relative to the other in order to juxtapose the rectilinear sections (24,26) which are welded together to produce the finished cellular beam (10) illustrated in FIG. 1(a).

Turning now to FIG. 2, and using like numerals for like parts, the cuts (18,20) are spaced further apart from one another and define a ribbon (28) of material therebetween. The beams are separated and moved longitudinally relative to one another and the adjacent rectilinear portions (24,26) welded together as before. The thickness of the beam in accordance with the invention is less than the thickness D produced in accordance with the above mentioned European patent publication by the amount “x”, the width of the narrowest portions of the ribbon (28). As “x” may be varied at will, the thickness of the finished beam may be specified precisely.

In an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the ribbon (28) contains a great deal more material and, since the rectilinear portions (24,26) are already opposite one another, the two halves of the beam do not need to be moved longitudinally relative to one another before welding. This produces a beam of thickness d−x, i.e. less than the thickness of the original beam by the amount “x” in FIG. 3(b). That is, in this embodiment, the cellular beam produced is actually of less depth than the universal beam from which it is produced. In certain circumstances, this construction of beam is preferable to producing a cellular beam from the smaller initial universal beam, either because such is not available or because the section thickness (of the web and/or flanges) of a smaller beam is not sufficient to meet the strength requirements needed.

While the method has been described in relation to the attaching together of the two halves of a single cut universal beam, it is possible to use halves from different cut universal beams to produce asymmetrical cellular beams. The benefits of asymmetric cellular beams are well established in the construction industry.

The process of the invention allows cellular beams to be produced of high strength and of a thickness tailored to the end use. 

1. A method of producing a structural beam with openings located in the web, which comprises the steps of taking a universal beam, making a cut generally longitudinally along the web thereof, making a second cut along the web on a path differing from the first path of the first cut, separating the cut halves of the beam, and welding the halves together, characterised in that: a width of material or ribbon is defined by the two cuts of an amount equal to the desired reduction in depth of the finished cellular beam.
 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the depth of the finished cellular beam is less than that of the universal beam from which it is produced.
 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the cut along the web can be such that any shape of openings can be obtained.
 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the cut along the web can be such that any position of openings can be obtained.
 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the beams are separated and moved longitudinally relative to one another before being welded together.
 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the two halves of the beam are not moved longitudinally relative to one another before welding.
 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein two or more universal beams are cut and separated into halves and the halves from different cut universal beams are used to produce asymmetrical cellular beams.
 8. A structural beam prepared by the method of claim
 1. 9. A structural beam according to claim 8, wherein the depth of the finished cellular beam is less than that of the universal beam from which it is produced. 